Optimistic and pessimistic impacts of COVID-19 scenario on waste management in developing nations: A review

During the lockdown period due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the heaps of unusual wastes of packaging from panic buying, medical wastes from Covid-19 centres and isolation places, as well as discarded single-use safety gears like personal protective equipments are posing challenges not only for health hazards but also escalating the probability of the spread of diverse variants of Novel Corona Virus SARS-COV-2. Unfortunately, the containment of the spreading of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown measures are impacting waste management adversely like anything in almost all corners of the world, especially, in developing nations where there exists lesser awareness with regard to this deadly disease and orderly disposal of these pandemic wastes. Also, the waste hierarchy of the "4R concept”, i.e., Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and recovery is negatively influencing during the prevailing epidemic circumstances which hinder the methodical waste disposal useful to save the environments and human health. The scenario of haphazard dumping of this waste is found worst in developing nations which are not fully prepared to face such thorny and all of a sudden difficulty of disposal of piles of these new risky wastes with their limited facilities and staff. However, the developing nations have instituted policies to ensure sustainable management of waste but it proved inadequate against the giant pandemic situations. Surprisingly, both - optimistic and pessimistic, types of impacts are being monitored on environments during the Covid-19 lockdown. Particularly, in the context of developing nations, the present review manuscript assesses both the optimistic and pessimistic impacts of the COVID-19 epidemic on the waste management sector and environment comprehensively along with the ways to address this gigantic Covid-19 waste crisis systematically. © 2023 MIM Research Group. All rights reserved.

Increased Age Heaping in Mobile Phone Surveys Conducted in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries

Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the number of surveys conducted remotely by mobile phone in low-income and middle-income countries has increased rapidly. This shift has helped sustain data collection despite restrictions on mobility and interactions. It might also allow collecting data more frequently on important demographic and socioeconomic topics. However, conducting interviews by mobile phone might affect the accuracy of reported data, for example, if respondents have difficulties understanding questions asked remotely, or data collectors have less time to probe and cross-check answers. In this visualization, the authors explore time trends in age heaping, a strong signal of reporting errors, in six African countries. They show that mobile phone surveys have generated noisier data on age than recent household surveys and censuses, thus possibly affecting researchers' understanding of demographic processes and confounding multivariate analyses of socioeconomic outcomes. © The Author(s) 2023.